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- <text id=93AT0661>
- <title>
- Oregon--History
- </title>
- <history>
- Compact ALMANAC--United States Directory
- Oregon
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Compact</source>
- <hdr>
- History
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p> About thirteen thousand years ago the first native Americans
- had arrived in the Northwest from Mongolia by way of Siberia
- and Alaska. The Indian pictographs on canyon walls and legends
- of the Northwest's earliest historic accounts provide the story
- of how Oregon was shaped by the ocean, volcanoes, and rain. Many
- Oregon names are derived from Indian tribal names, such as,
- Multnomah, Willamette, Suislaw and Clackamas.
- </p>
- <p> The native Americans were followed many centuries later by
- Spanish and British mariners seeking the fabled "great river of
- the West." It was an American, however, Captain John Gray, who
- in 1792 discovered the great river and named it for his ship,
- The Columbian. Captain Gray was one of the first white men to enter
- Oregon.
- </p>
- <p> This discovery prompted Thomas Jefferson in 1804 to send the
- exploring team of Lewis and Clark overland to gain more
- knowledge of the region and to find out if there was a northwest
- passage. They found that the passage did not exist, but laid
- claim to the territory. Their expedition, along with Captain
- Gray's trip, gave the United States a strong stake in the land.
- </p>
- <p> Early trappers and fur traders made exciting explorations,
- finding the bounty that Oregon provided. The British Hudson's
- Bay Company, led by Dr. John McLoughlin, became the dominant
- force in the economy. This fur-trading company directed
- activities throughout the region and built the original capital
- of the Oregon Territory in Oregon City at the northern end of
- the Willamette Valley.
- </p>
- <p> It wasn't until the 1840s, however, that the main influx of
- people began. Pioneers from the East Coast border states and
- merchants traveling by ship from New England increased the
- Oregon population, leading to the creation of the Oregon
- Territory in 1848 and statehood in 1859.
- </p>
- <p> The emigrants, traveling by wagon, crossed the Oregon Trail
- from 1841 to 1860, covering 2,000 miles from Missouri to Western
- Oregon. The majority of the pioneers settled in the fertile
- Willamette Valley. Discoveries of gold on the coast and in the
- high county led to settlement in these regions as well. These
- latter settlements, however, provoked tragic Indian wars which
- lasted many years. The Rogue River, Modoc, Paiute, Bannock and
- Nez Perce Indian Wars all concluded with the Indians
- surrendering their land.
- </p>
- <p> When the railroads came to Oregon in the 1870s, the
- agriculture industry no longer required direct access to
- waterways because supplies could be transported over land. The
- arrival of the automobile quickened the urban growth of the
- state, and the depletion of eastern forests brought logging to
- Oregon on a huge scale. Many of the millions of visitors to
- Oregon's Lewis and Clark Exposition in 1905 were tempted to
- stay.
- </p>
- <p>Source: State of Oregon.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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